A Japanese translation of the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality
Keywords:
Swedish Universitets Scales of Personality, SSP, Cross-cultural translation, Reliability, Swedish to Japanese, Personality inventory
Abstract
Background: The Swedish Universities Scales of Personality (SSP) is a personality measurement tool with a short test battery of high psychometric quality, previously not availiable in Japanese.
Methods: We translated the SSP into Japanese and administered it to 103 Japanese nationals. For 11 of the 13 SSP scales in the Japanese version of the SSP (SSP-J11), the Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.50 to 0.82 with good internal scale reliability.
Results: A principal factor analysis replicated the previous work by identifying the same three principal dimensions of Neuroticism, Aggression, and Extraversion factors.
Conclusion: The resulting three-factor SSP-J11 shows acceptable reliability and should provide informative insights about personality traits in research and clinical practice in a Japanese context.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Cheung FM, Fai Cheung S, Wada S, Zhang J. Indigenous measures of personality assessment in Asian countries: a review. Psychol Assess. 2003;15(3):280–9. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.3.280
2. Butcher JN, Cheung FM, Lim J. Use of the MMPI-2 with Asian populations. Psychol Assess. 2003;15(3):248–56. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.3.248
3. McAdams DP, Olson BD. Personality development: continuity and change over the life course. Annu Rev Psychol. 2010;61:517–42. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100507
4. Costa PT, McCrae RR. Four ways five factors are basic. Pers Individ Dif. 1992;13(6):653–65. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(92)90236-I
5. Urbina S. Essentials of psychological testing. Kaufman AS, Kaufman NL, editors. New Jersey: Wiley; 2014, 400 p.
6. Costa PT, McCrae RR. Personality trait structures as a human universal. Am Psychol. 1997;52(5):509–16. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.509
7. Wang Z, Xiao Z, Jiang W. Reliability and validity of Chinese version of Swedish universities scales of personality. Chinese Ment Health J. 2008; 22:444–6.
8. Aluoja A, Voogne H, Maron E, Gustavsson JP, Võhma Ü, Shlik J. Personality traits measured by the Swedish universities Scales of Personality: factor structure and position within the five-factor model in an Estonian sample. Nord J Psychiatry. 2009;63(3):231–6. doi: 10.1080/08039480802571036
9. Gustavsson JP, Bergman H, Edman G, Ekselius L, von Knorring L, Linder J. Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP): construction, internal consistency and normative data. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;102(3):217–25. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102003217.x
10. af Klinteberg B, Levander SE, Oreland L, Åsberg M, Schalling D. Neuropsychological correlates of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in female and male subjects. Biol Psychol. 1987;24(3):237–52. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(87)90005-6
11. af Klinteberg B. Biology, norms, and personality: a developmental perspective. Neuropsychobiology. 1996;34(3):146–54. doi: 10.1159/000119320
12. Schalling D, Asberg M, Edman G, Oreland L. Markers for vulnerability to psychopathology: temperament traits associated with platelet MAO activity. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1987;76(2):172–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02881.x
13. RAND Corporation. Basic guidelines for translating surveys [Internet]. Vol. 6. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Health Care; 2019. Available from: https://www.rand.org/health/surveys_tools/about_translations.html
14. Kluyver T, Ragan-Kelley B, Pérez F, Granger B, Bussonnier M, Frederic J, et al. Jupyter Notebooks – a publishing format for reproducible computational workflows. In: Loizides F, Scmidt B, eds. Positioning and power in academic publishing: players, agents and agendas. (University of) South Hampton: IOS Press; 2016, pp. 87–90.
15. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–91. doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
16. Cloninger CR. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. A proposal. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987;44(6):573–88. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800180093014
17. Zuckerman M, Cloninger CR. Relationships between Cloninger’s, Zuckerman’s, and Eysenck’s dimensions of personality. Pers Individ Dif. 1996;21(2):283–5. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(96)00042-6
18. Stein MB, Stein DJ. Social anxiety disorder. Lancet. 2008;371(9618):1115–25. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60488-2
19. Gingnell M, Comasco E, Oreland L, Fredrikson M, Sundström-Poromaa I. Neuroticism-related personality traits are related to symptom severity in patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and to the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphism 5-HTTPLPR. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2010;13(5):417–23. doi: 10.1007/s00737-010-0164-4
20. Oreland L, Hallman J, Damberg M. Platelet MAO and personality – function and dysfunction. Curr Med Chem. 2004;11(15):2007–16. doi: 10.2174/0929867043364838
21. Oreland L. Platelet monoamine oxidase, personality and alcoholism: the rise, fall and resurrection. Neurotoxicology. 2004;25(1–2):79–89. doi: 10.1016/S0161-813X(03)00115-3
22. Gustavsson JP, Pedersen NL, Åsberg M, Schalling D. Exploration into the sources of individual differences in Aggression-, Hostility- and Anger-related (AHA) personality traits. Pers Individ Dif. 1996;21(6):1067–71. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00146-8
23. Klasen M, Wolf D, Eisner PD, Habel U, Repple J, Vernaleken I, et al. Neural networks underlying trait aggression depend on MAOA gene alleles. Brain Struct Funct. 2018;223(2):873–81. doi: 10.1007/s00429-017-1528-6
24. Tavakol M, Dennick R. Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. Int J Med Educ. 2011;2:53–5. doi: 10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
25. Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. Anesth Analg. 2018;126(5):1763–8. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864
26. Denson TF, O’Dean SM, Blake KR, Beames JR. Aggression in women: behavior, brain and hormones. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018;12:81. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00081
27. Kerry N, Murray DR. Physical strength partly explains sex differences in trait anxiety in young Americans. Psychol Sci. 2021;32(5):809–15. doi: 10.1177/0956797620971298
28. Sue S, Chang J. The state of psychological assessment in Asia. Psychol Assess. 2003;15(3):306–10. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.3.306
29. Maruyama S, Morimoto K. Effects of long workhours on life-style, stress and quality of life among intermediate Japanese managers. Scand J Work Environ Heal. 1996;22(5):353–9. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.153
30. Haerpfer C, Inglehart R, Moreno, A, Welzel C, Kizilova K, Diez-Medrano J, et al. (eds.). World Values Survey: Round Seven - Country-Pooled Datafile Version 5.0. Madrid, Spain & Vienna, Austria: JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat; 2022. doi: 10.14281/18241.20
31. Ando S, Yamaguchi S, Aoki Y, Thornicroft G. Review of mental-health-related stigma in Japan. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013;67(7):471–82. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12086
32. Sicorello M, Stevanov J, Ashida H, Hecht H. Effect of gaze on personal space: a Japanese–German cross-cultural study. J Cross Cult Psychol. 2019;50(1):8–21. doi: 10.1177/0022022118798513
33. Mokkink LB. Risk of Bias checklist. Cosmim [Internet]. 2018;1–37. Available from: www.cosmin.nl
34. Mokkink LB, de Vet HCW, Prinsen CAC, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Bouter LM, et al. COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist for systematic reviews of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1171–9. doi: 10.1007/s11136-017-1765-4
2. Butcher JN, Cheung FM, Lim J. Use of the MMPI-2 with Asian populations. Psychol Assess. 2003;15(3):248–56. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.3.248
3. McAdams DP, Olson BD. Personality development: continuity and change over the life course. Annu Rev Psychol. 2010;61:517–42. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100507
4. Costa PT, McCrae RR. Four ways five factors are basic. Pers Individ Dif. 1992;13(6):653–65. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(92)90236-I
5. Urbina S. Essentials of psychological testing. Kaufman AS, Kaufman NL, editors. New Jersey: Wiley; 2014, 400 p.
6. Costa PT, McCrae RR. Personality trait structures as a human universal. Am Psychol. 1997;52(5):509–16. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.509
7. Wang Z, Xiao Z, Jiang W. Reliability and validity of Chinese version of Swedish universities scales of personality. Chinese Ment Health J. 2008; 22:444–6.
8. Aluoja A, Voogne H, Maron E, Gustavsson JP, Võhma Ü, Shlik J. Personality traits measured by the Swedish universities Scales of Personality: factor structure and position within the five-factor model in an Estonian sample. Nord J Psychiatry. 2009;63(3):231–6. doi: 10.1080/08039480802571036
9. Gustavsson JP, Bergman H, Edman G, Ekselius L, von Knorring L, Linder J. Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP): construction, internal consistency and normative data. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;102(3):217–25. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102003217.x
10. af Klinteberg B, Levander SE, Oreland L, Åsberg M, Schalling D. Neuropsychological correlates of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in female and male subjects. Biol Psychol. 1987;24(3):237–52. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(87)90005-6
11. af Klinteberg B. Biology, norms, and personality: a developmental perspective. Neuropsychobiology. 1996;34(3):146–54. doi: 10.1159/000119320
12. Schalling D, Asberg M, Edman G, Oreland L. Markers for vulnerability to psychopathology: temperament traits associated with platelet MAO activity. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1987;76(2):172–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02881.x
13. RAND Corporation. Basic guidelines for translating surveys [Internet]. Vol. 6. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Health Care; 2019. Available from: https://www.rand.org/health/surveys_tools/about_translations.html
14. Kluyver T, Ragan-Kelley B, Pérez F, Granger B, Bussonnier M, Frederic J, et al. Jupyter Notebooks – a publishing format for reproducible computational workflows. In: Loizides F, Scmidt B, eds. Positioning and power in academic publishing: players, agents and agendas. (University of) South Hampton: IOS Press; 2016, pp. 87–90.
15. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–91. doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
16. Cloninger CR. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. A proposal. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987;44(6):573–88. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800180093014
17. Zuckerman M, Cloninger CR. Relationships between Cloninger’s, Zuckerman’s, and Eysenck’s dimensions of personality. Pers Individ Dif. 1996;21(2):283–5. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(96)00042-6
18. Stein MB, Stein DJ. Social anxiety disorder. Lancet. 2008;371(9618):1115–25. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60488-2
19. Gingnell M, Comasco E, Oreland L, Fredrikson M, Sundström-Poromaa I. Neuroticism-related personality traits are related to symptom severity in patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and to the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphism 5-HTTPLPR. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2010;13(5):417–23. doi: 10.1007/s00737-010-0164-4
20. Oreland L, Hallman J, Damberg M. Platelet MAO and personality – function and dysfunction. Curr Med Chem. 2004;11(15):2007–16. doi: 10.2174/0929867043364838
21. Oreland L. Platelet monoamine oxidase, personality and alcoholism: the rise, fall and resurrection. Neurotoxicology. 2004;25(1–2):79–89. doi: 10.1016/S0161-813X(03)00115-3
22. Gustavsson JP, Pedersen NL, Åsberg M, Schalling D. Exploration into the sources of individual differences in Aggression-, Hostility- and Anger-related (AHA) personality traits. Pers Individ Dif. 1996;21(6):1067–71. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00146-8
23. Klasen M, Wolf D, Eisner PD, Habel U, Repple J, Vernaleken I, et al. Neural networks underlying trait aggression depend on MAOA gene alleles. Brain Struct Funct. 2018;223(2):873–81. doi: 10.1007/s00429-017-1528-6
24. Tavakol M, Dennick R. Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. Int J Med Educ. 2011;2:53–5. doi: 10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
25. Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. Anesth Analg. 2018;126(5):1763–8. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864
26. Denson TF, O’Dean SM, Blake KR, Beames JR. Aggression in women: behavior, brain and hormones. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018;12:81. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00081
27. Kerry N, Murray DR. Physical strength partly explains sex differences in trait anxiety in young Americans. Psychol Sci. 2021;32(5):809–15. doi: 10.1177/0956797620971298
28. Sue S, Chang J. The state of psychological assessment in Asia. Psychol Assess. 2003;15(3):306–10. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.3.306
29. Maruyama S, Morimoto K. Effects of long workhours on life-style, stress and quality of life among intermediate Japanese managers. Scand J Work Environ Heal. 1996;22(5):353–9. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.153
30. Haerpfer C, Inglehart R, Moreno, A, Welzel C, Kizilova K, Diez-Medrano J, et al. (eds.). World Values Survey: Round Seven - Country-Pooled Datafile Version 5.0. Madrid, Spain & Vienna, Austria: JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat; 2022. doi: 10.14281/18241.20
31. Ando S, Yamaguchi S, Aoki Y, Thornicroft G. Review of mental-health-related stigma in Japan. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013;67(7):471–82. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12086
32. Sicorello M, Stevanov J, Ashida H, Hecht H. Effect of gaze on personal space: a Japanese–German cross-cultural study. J Cross Cult Psychol. 2019;50(1):8–21. doi: 10.1177/0022022118798513
33. Mokkink LB. Risk of Bias checklist. Cosmim [Internet]. 2018;1–37. Available from: www.cosmin.nl
34. Mokkink LB, de Vet HCW, Prinsen CAC, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Bouter LM, et al. COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist for systematic reviews of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1171–9. doi: 10.1007/s11136-017-1765-4
Published
2024-03-21
How to Cite
Silfwerbrand L., Ekselius L., Koike Y., & Gingnell M. (2024). A Japanese translation of the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 129, e10349. https://doi.org/10.48101/ujms.v129.10349
Section
Original Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to Upsala Medical Society. Read the full Copyright- and Licensing Statement.
