Tissue clearing method in visualization of cancer progression and metastasis
Keywords:
cancer metastasis, tissue-clearing, single-cell resolution, 3D imaging, LSFM, EMT
Abstract
Since various imaging modalities have been developed, cancer metastasis can be detected from an early stage. However, limitations still exist, especially in terms of spatial resolution. Tissue-clearing technology has emerged as a new imaging modality in cancer research, which has been developed and utilized for a long time mainly in neuroscience field. This method enables us to detect cancer metastatic foci with single-cell resolution at whole mouse body/organ level. On top of that, 3D images of cancer metastasis of whole mouse organs make it easy to understand their characteristics. Recently, further applications of tissue clearing methods were reported in combination with reporter systems, labeling, and machine learning. In this review, we would like to provide an overview of this technique and current applications in cancer research and discuss their potentials and limitations.
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References
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14. Ke MT, Fujimoto S, Imai T. SeeDB: a simple and morphology-preserving optical clearing agent for neuronal circuit reconstruction. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16(8):1154-61. doi: 10.1038/nn.3447
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16. Hama H, Hioki H, Namiki K, Hoshida T, Kurokawa H, Ishidate F, et al. ScaleS: an optical clearing palette for biological imaging. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18(10):1518–29. doi: 10.1038/nn.4107
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21. Tainaka K, Murakami TC, Susaki EA, Shimizu C, Saito R, Takahashi K, et al. Chemical landscape for tissue clearing based on hydrophilic reagents. Cell Rep. 2018;24(8):2196–210.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.056
22. Jing D, Zhang S, Luo W, Gao X, Men Y, Ma C, et al. Tissue clearing of both hard and soft tissue organs with the PEGASOS method. Cell Res. 2018;28(8):803–18. doi: 10.1038/s41422-018-0049-z.
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24. Susaki EA, Tainaka K, Perrin D, Kishino F, Tawara T, Watanabe TM, et al. Whole-brain imaging with single-cell resolution using chemical cocktails and computational analysis. Cell. 2014;157(3):726–39. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.042
25. Tainaka K, Kuno A, Kubota SI, Murakami T, Ueda HR. Chemical principles in tissue clearing and staining protocols for whole-body cell profiling. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2016;32:713-41. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125001
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27. Zhao S, Todorov MI, Cai R, Maskari RA, Steinke H, Kemter E, et al. Cellular and molecular probing of intact human organs. Cell. 2020;180(4):796–812.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.030
28. Mai H, Rong Z, Zhao S, Cai R, Steinke H, Bechmann I, et al. Scalable tissue labeling and clearing of intact human organs. Nat Protoc. 2022;17(10):2188–215. doi: 10.1038/s41596-022-00712-8
29. Susaki EA, Shimizu C, Kuno A, Tainaka K, Li X, Nishi K, et al. Versatile whole-organ/body staining and imaging based on electrolyte-gel properties of biological tissues. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):1982. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15906-5
30. Cai R, Pan C, Ghasemigharagoz A, Todorov MI, Förstera B, Zhao S, et al. Panoptic imaging of transparent mice reveals whole-body neuronal projections and skull–meninges connections. Nat Neurosci. 2019;22(2):317–27. doi: 10.1038/s41593-018-0301-3
31. Messal HA, Almagro J, Zaw Thin M, Tedeschi A, Ciccarelli A, Blackie L, et al. Antigen retrieval and clearing for whole-organ immunofluorescence by FLASH. Nat Protoc. 2021;16(1):239–62. doi: 10.1038/s41596-020-00414-z
32. Weiss KR, Voigt FF, Shepherd DP, Huisken J. Tutorial: practical considerations for tissue clearing and imaging. Nat Protoc. 2021;16(6):2732–48. doi: 10.1038/s41596-021-00502-8
33. Glaser AK, Reder NP, Chen Y, Yin C, Wei L, Kang S, et al. Multi-immersion open-top light-sheet microscope for high-throughput imaging of cleared tissues. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):2781. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10534-0
34. Wei M, Shi L, Shen Y, Zhao Z, Guzman A, Kaufman LJ, et al. Volumetric chemical imaging by clearing-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(14):6608–17. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1813044116
35. Miyazono K, Katsuno Y, Koinuma D, Ehata S, Morikawa M. Intracellular and extracellular TGF-β signaling in cancer: some recent topics. Front Med. 2018;12(4):387-411. doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0646-8
36. Katsuno Y, Meyer DS, Zhang Z, Shokat KM, Akhurst RJ, Miyazono K, et al. Chronic TGF-β exposure drives stabilized EMT, tumor stemness, and cancer drug resistance with vulnerability to bitopic mTOR inhibition. Sci Signal. 2019;12(570). doi: 10.1126/scisignal.aau8544
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Published
2024-04-09
How to Cite
Takahashi-Yamashiro K., & Miyazono K. (2024). Tissue clearing method in visualization of cancer progression and metastasis. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 129(S1), e10634. https://doi.org/10.48101/ujms.v129.10634
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